1.3) How do I form the Plural in English?

There are many plural noun rules, and because we use nouns so frequently when writing, it’s important to know all of them! The correct spelling of plurals usually depends on what letter the singular noun ends in.

1. To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.

2. If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural.

3. In some cases, singular nouns ending in -s or -z, require that you double the -s or -z prior to adding the -es for pluralization.

4. If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the f is often changed to ‑ve before adding the -s to form the plural version.

5. If a singular noun ends in ‑y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the ending to ‑ies to make the noun plural.

6. If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.

7. If the singular noun ends in ‑o, add ‑es to make it plural.

8. If the singular noun ends in ‑us, the plural ending is frequently ‑i.

9. If the singular noun ends in ‑is, the plural ending is ‑es.

10. If the singular noun ends in ‑on, the plural ending is ‑a.

11. Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.